Hydrogen peroxide，It is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O2. Pure hydrogen peroxide is a light blue viscous liquid, can be miscible with water in any proportion, is a strong oxidant, water solution is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide.
| Chinese name | 双氧水 | Water solubility | Miscibility |
| English name | Hydrogen peroxide | Density | 1.463 g/mL |
| Chemical formula | H2O2 | Appearance | Blue viscous liquid |
| Molecular weight | 34.01 | Safety description | S26，S39，S45,S36/37/39 |
| CAS NO. | 7722-84-1 | Risk codes | R22，R41 |
| EINECS NO. | 231-765-0 | Hazard symbols | X,C,O |
| Melting point | -0.43S℃ | UN NO. | 2014 |
| Boiling poin | 158℃ |
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Physical and chemical properties
1. Appearance: colorless transparent liquid.
2. Chemical properties: under normal circumstances, it will be slowly decomposed into water and oxygen, but the decomposition speed is extremely slow. The way to accelerate the reaction speed is to add manganese dioxide catalyst or irradiation with short wave radiation.
3. Solubility: Water solution is a colorless transparent liquid, soluble in water, alcohol, ether, insoluble in benzene, petroleum ether.
4. Hydrogen peroxide has a strong oxidation effect on organic matter, and is generally used as an oxidant.
Use
1. Medical hydrogen peroxide can kill intestinal pathogenic bacteria, suppurative coccus, pathogenic yeast, generally used for surface disinfection.
2. Chemical industry used for the production of sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium chlorite, thiourea peroxide and other raw materials, tartric acid, vitamins and other oxidants.
3. Dyeing industry used as bleaching agent for cotton fabric, hair color agent after VAT dye dyeing.
4. Removal of iron and other heavy metals in the production of metallic salts or other compounds. Also used in electroplating solution, can remove inorganic impurities, improve the quality of plating parts. It is also used for bleaching wool, silk, ivory, pulp, fat, etc.
5. Hydrogen peroxide in high concentrations can be used as rocket fuel.
6. Civil: to deal with the smell of kitchen sewer, to the pharmacy to buy hydrogen peroxide and water and washing powder into the sewer can be decontamination, disinfection, sterilization.
Methods of production
1. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide production method: Quinone air electrode for the production of alkaline hydrogen peroxide is characterized in that each pair of electrodes is composed of a anode plate, a plastic mesh, a cationic diaphragm and a quinone air cathode. The upper and lower ends of the electrode working area are provided with a distribution chamber for entering the fluid and a collection chamber for discharging the fluid. The fluid inlet is provided with a restrictor hole. The plastic hose for the inlet and outlet of anode circulation alkali water is extended and then connected to the liquid collector main pipe. The multi-component electrode group is assembled by the unit plate.
2. Phosphoric acid neutralization method: It is characterized by the preparation of sodium peroxide aqueous solution by the following steps:
(1) Use phosphoric acid or sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 to neutralize sodium peroxide aqueous solution to pH9.0 ~ 9.7, so as to generate aqueous solutions of Na2HPO4 and H2O2.
⑵ The aqueous solutions of Na2HPO4 and H2O2 were cooled to +5 ~ -5℃, so that most of Na2HPO4 was precipitated in the form of Na2HPO4·10H2O hydrate.
(3) The mixture containing Na2HPO4 ·10H2O hydrate and hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution is separated in a centrifugal separator, so that Na2HPO4 ·10H2O crystal is separated from the aqueous solution containing a small amount of Na2HPO4 and hydrogen peroxide.
(4) The said aqueous solution containing a small amount of Na2HPO4 and hydrogen peroxide is evaporated in the evaporator to obtain the steam containing H2O2 and H2O, while the concentrated salt solution of Na2HPO4 containing hydrogen peroxide flows out from the bottom and returns to the neutralization tank.
⑸ carry out decompression fractionation of the steam containing H2O2 and H2O in the fractionator, and obtain about 30%H2O2 products.
3. Electrolytic sulfuric acid method: with the electrolytic 60% of sulfuric acid, get persulfuric acid, and then hydrolysis can obtain the concentration of 95% hydrogen peroxide.
4.2- ethyl anthraquinone method: The main method for industrial scale production is 2-ethyl anthraquinone (EAQ) method. 2-ethylanthraquinone reacts with hydrogen at a certain temperature and pressure under the action of catalyst to produce 2-ethylhydroanthraquinone; 2-ethylhydroanthraquinone reacts with oxygen at a certain temperature and pressure; 2-ethylhydroanthraquinone is reduced to produce 2-ethylanthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide is produced at the same time. An aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is obtained after extraction. Finally, qualified water solution of hydrogen peroxide, commonly known as hydrogen peroxide, is purified by heavy aromatics. This process is mostly used to prepare 27.5% hydrogen peroxide, while water solution of hydrogen peroxide with higher concentration (such as 35% and 50% hydrogen peroxide) can be obtained by distillation.