Basic Information
| Chinese name | Solvent oil
| Relative density | 0.78~0.97 |
| Appearance and traits | colorless or light yellow liquid | ignition temperature | 350℃ |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents |
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| CAS | 64742-94-5 | EINECS | 265-198-5 |
Solvent oil is one of the five major categories of petroleum products. Solvent oil has a wide range of uses. The largest amount is paint solvent oil (commonly known as paint solvent oil), followed by edible oil, printing ink, leather, pesticides, insecticides, rubber, cosmetics, spices, medicine, electronic components and other solvent oils. At present, there are about 400-500 kinds of solvents on the market, of which solvent naphtha (hydrocarbon solvents, benzene compounds) accounts for about half.
Application
The nature of solvent oil varies depending on its use. The choice of solvent oil should mainly consider its solubility, volatility, and safety. Of course, depending on its use, other performances cannot be ignored, and sometimes even more important.
Solvent oil includes two processes of cutting distillate and refining. There are usually three ways to cut fractions: directly cut from the atmospheric tower; cut the corresponding light straight-run fractions into appropriate narrow fractions; and fractionate the catalytic reforming raffinate. All kinds of solvent oil fractions generally need to be refined. To improve color, improve stability, remove corrosive substances and reduce toxicity, etc. Commonly used refining methods include alkali washing, white clay refining and hydrogenation refining.
Mineral spirits are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons that are extremely flammable and explosive. Therefore, from production, storage and transportation to use, strict attention must be paid to prevent the occurrence of fire.
There are roughly three ways to express the toxicity of solvent oil:
Lethal dose (LD): A scale generally used to express the intensity of the physiological effects of highly toxic substances on animals.
Lethal Concentration (LC): A measure of acute poisoning expressed in terms of concentration.
Maximum allowable concentration (MAC): The maximum allowable concentration is usually expressed in parts per million (ppm or 10) of the vapor volume in the air. This is a rough estimate of the toxicity of the solvent, which varies from person to person, and is not an absolute limit.
Danger overview
Health hazard: Naphtha vapor can cause eye and upper respiratory tract irritation symptoms. If the concentration is too high, it can cause dyspnea, cyanosis and other hypoxic symptoms within a few minutes.
Acute toxicity: LC50: 16000mg/m, 4 hours (rat inhalation)
Hazardous characteristics: Its vapor and air can form explosive mixtures, which can cause combustion and explosion in case of open flame and high heat. It can react with oxidants. Its vapor is heavier than air, and can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place, and it will ignite and burn back when encountering an ignition source.