Acetonitrile is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3CN or c2h3n. It is a colorless liquid, highly volatile, with a special smell similar to ether, excellent solvent performance, and can dissolve a variety of organic, inorganic and gaseous substances. It has certain toxicity and is infinitely miscible with water and alcohol. Acetonitrile is an important organic intermediate, which can undergo typical nitrile reactions and is used to prepare many typical nitrogen-containing compounds. Acetonitrile can be used as a solvent for the synthesis of vitamin A, cortisone, carboamine drugs and their intermediates, and also as an active medium solvent for the manufacture of vitamin B1 and amino acids. It can replace chlorinated solvent. It is used in vinyl coating, fatty acid extractant, alcohol denaturant, butadiene extractant and solvent of acrylonitrile synthetic fiber. It is also used in fabric dyeing, lighting, perfume manufacturing and photosensitive material manufacturing.
| Product Name | Acetonitrile |
| CAS No. | 75-05-8 |
| EINECS No. | 200-835-2 |
| Molecular Formula | C2H3N |
| Molecular Weight | 41.052 |
| Flash Point | 12.8°C |
| Purity (%) | 99.9 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.79 |
| Appearance | Colorless and clear liquid |
| Storage | A cool, ventilated |
use
1. Chemical analysis and instrumental analysis
Acetonitrile has been used as an organic modifier and solvent in thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, spectroscopic and polarographic analysis in recent years. Since high-purity acetonitrile does not absorb ultraviolet rays at 200nm to 400nm, an application being developed is as a solvent for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which can make the analytical sensitivity as high as 10-9.
2. Hydrocarbon extraction and separation solvent
Acetonitrile is a widely used solvent, mainly used as a solvent for extractive distillation to separate butadiene from C4 hydrocarbons. Acetonitrile is also used for the separation of other hydrocarbons, such as the separation of propylene, isoprene and methyl acetylene from hydrocarbon fractions. Acetonitrile is also used for some special separations, such as extracting and separating fatty acids from vegetable oil and cod liver oil, so that the treated oil has a light color, purity, and improved odor, while the vitamin content remains unchanged. Acetonitrile is also widely used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical, pesticide, textile, and plastic sectors.
3. Synthetic intermediates of pharmaceuticals and pesticides
Acetonitrile can be used to synthesize various pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates. In medicine, it is used to synthesize a series of important drug intermediates such as vitamin B1, metronidazole, ethambutol, triamterene, adenine and ditidine; in pesticides, it is used to synthesize pyrethroids Insecticides and pesticide intermediates such as acetoxicarb.
4. Semiconductor cleaning agent
Acetonitrile is a highly polar organic solvent, which has good solubility to grease, inorganic salts, organic matter and polymer compounds, and can clean grease, wax, fingerprints, corrosives and flux residues on silicon wafers. Therefore, high-purity acetonitrile can be used as a semiconductor cleaning agent.
5. Other applications
In addition to the above applications, acetonitrile can also be used as organic synthesis raw materials, catalysts or components of transition metal complex catalysts. In addition, acetonitrile has applications in fabric dyeing and coating formulations, and it is an effective stabilizer for chlorinated solvents.